Mining and petroleum industries make up the largest economic sector in the Basin, and include:
The Lake Eyre Basin contains the most significant onshore petroleum basins in Australia. Petroleum is found in commercial quantities in the Cooper/Eromanga Basin which in 1994 represented about five per cent of the total Australian oil and gas resources. The projected estimate for production from the South Australian portion of the Cooper/Eromanga Basin for 1995-2010 is around $8.8 billion in 1995 dollars.